对GMAT阅读的难易,大家说法不一。有同学认为,阅读是GMAT里最容易的部分,可以忽略;也有同学认为,阅读里GMAT里最难的部分,难以逾越。其实阅读是贯穿GMAT考试的一个基础部分:
拿GMAT数学来说,不少同学说,数学不难,一般栽都栽在,描述比较繁难的数学题上了,啥意思?题没读懂,导致数学不会!
GMAT阅读,是对海量陌生信息的有效萃取并解读,等会我们会详细解释;
GMAT逻辑,我们知道不同的高手有不同的解法,有跳读,重点读,先读题干。。各种花式读,对吧,可是,咱不读,做逻辑题试试?
GMAT语法,用博智名师王文静的话讲,是GMAC的表达,体现一万个人读,都不会误解成两个版本”的境界,还是离不开读吧?
GMAT作文,和阅读是逆向的——GMAT阅读文章,是GMAC给咱们读的;我们写的作文呢?是给GMAC读的?GMAC给分,不读也不行吧?
GMAT IR同理,就不展开了
GMAT阅读的重要性是我们考GMAT绕不过的坎,不过也不要怕,凡事都有内在规律,
我们来看以下GMAT阅读省心省力的规则:
阅读怎么提速?分清重点和可以略读的部分很重要!
今天跟大家分享一下阅读的基本规则:
规则一、文章基调:反对传统,弘扬革新
规则二、文章关系:转折,让步,因果,递进,平行
规则三、原文中出现同义词,重复,转折,(相同/不同)比较,极端词要关注
规则四、重点段落的普适架构
规则五、括号里的内容
规则六、题目选项涉及比较或极端词(确定原文中未提及),需优先排除!!
我们以一篇GWD阅读为例:
规则 01 文章基调:反对传统,弘扬革新
这里反传统,重革新包含了很多,包括锄强扶弱(反对美国社会主流,比如白人,扶助黑人印第安人妇女儿童,以后有机会咱们展开讨论)此文要分享的是忽略大多数,重点是少数
以下文为例,most后面可以略读。我们到some开始好好读,后面很可能是文章的重点
(段一)Inmostearthquakesthe Earth’s crust cracks like porcelain. Stress builds up until a fracture forms at a depth of a few kilometers and the crust slips to relieve the stress.Someearthquakes,however,take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty.How can there be earthquakes at such depths?
规则 02 文章关系:转折,让步,因果,递进,平行
原文出现转折要注意,上文some”和”however”一起出现,随后的句子一定是重点(深处地震):
take place hundreds of kilometers down in the Earth’s mantle, where high pressure makes rock so ductile that it flows instead of cracking, even under stress severe enough to deform it like putty
在几百公里深的地幔中,那里的高压使岩石具有很强的韧性,以至于它能流动而不是开裂,即使是在严重的压力下,也能使它像腻子一样变形。
规则 03 原文中出现同义词,重复,转折,(相同/不同)比较,极端(极强或极弱)词要关注
比如下文中convincingly随后的内容就需要好好读--接续上文证实了深层地震的存在
(段二)That such deep events do occur has been accepted only since 1927, when the seismologist Kiyoo Wadati convincingly demonstrated their existence.
下文注意到读的时候要谨记,Instead of之后的内容是作者否定的内容,但instead of...半句后,逗号以后的内容Wadati relied on a time difference between the arrival of primary (P) waves and the slower secondary (S) waves.是作者关注的,这里出现了比较slower,尤其要注意。
Instead ofcomparing the arrival times of seismic waves at different locations, asearlierresearchers had done, Wadati relied on a time difference between the arrival of primary(P)waves and theslowersecondary (S) waves.
BecauseP and S waves travel at different butfairlyconstant speeds, the interval between their arrivals increases in proportion to the distance from the earthquake focus,orinitial rupture point. Formostearthquakes,Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter; the point on the surface where shaking isstrongest.For afewevents, however, the delay was longevenat the epicenter. Wadati saw asimilarpattern when he analyzed data on the intensity of shaking.Mostearthquakeshad a small area of intense shaking, which weakened rapidly with increasing distance from the epicenter,but otherswere characterized by alowerpeak intensity, felt over abroaderarea.Boththe P-S intervalsandthe intensity patterns suggestedtwo kinds of earthquakes:themore commonshallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and deep events, with focus several hundred kilometers down.
这里不继续展开,以上大家会发现most...some (others)...在一起,most略读,重点读some/others相关的;
出现了极端词比如fairly, convincingly,strongest,even
否定词instead of
出现转折however, but
出现因果because
出现了平行both...and...
出现了比较lower, slower
这都是GMAC给我们的提示阿,不读对不起GMAC
规则 04 重点段落的普适架构
大家注意第二段的结构哈:
1.某时验证深层地震存在
2. 解释原理(反向比较:不是根据不同地点的到达时间(早年的),而是倚赖时间差--注意这里有比较主波和次波(慢一点))
3.进一步解释,主次波速度不同但固定,(意味着速度差是常数)到达间隔与地震focus成比例
4. 展开比较:
(1)看到most可略读(如遇细节题再回原文定位还来得及)
(2)重点读a few event (+转折however)延时长,甚至在震中
(3)看到similar可略读,因跟上句内容是同向的
5.再比较
(1)most后面略读,如做题需要,攒着回原文定位哈
(2) But others后面重点读:峰值强度较低,在更大范围内感觉到
6.总结陈词重点读:深浅都有
段落架构:首句是重点→随后解释→再进一步解释→比较异同→总结陈词
这么读,是不是文章的层次就出来了?
划重点 05 括号里的内容要读,不读也要记住方位(很可能需要回原文定位)
大家注意第三段出现的括号
(段三)The question remained: how can such quakes occur, given that mantle rock at a depth of more than 50 kilometers istooductiletostore enough stress to fracture? Wadati’s work suggested that deep events occur in areas(now called Wadati-Benioff zones),where onecrustal plateis forced underanotherand descends into the mantle. The descending rock issubstantiallycooler than the surrounding mantle and hence islessductile andmuch moreliable to fracture.
对于段三,同学们对标黄部分仔细揣摩,用前面总结的规律读一下,或记住方位。
有同学问,层次出来了,对做题有帮助吗?
我们来看题
题目:
1.The author’s explanation of how deep events occur would be most weakened if which of the following were discovered to be true?
如果发现以下哪项为真,作者对深层事件如何发生的解释将被最弱化?
B) Deep events occur in placesother than where crustal plates meet.
这题选B) 深部事件发生在地壳板块相接以外的地方。(正确,比照末句)
Wadati’s work suggested that deep events occur in areas (now called Wadati-Benioff zones), where one crustal plate is forced under another and descends into the mantle.
即使是weaken题,也要在原文中找到相应文字再做取非,大家看到,括号前后要读,不读也要定位!
2.Information presented in the passagesuggeststhat, compared with seismic activity at the epicenter of a shallow event, seismic activity at the epicenter of a deep event is characterized by
这段话提供的信息表明,与浅层事件震中的地震活动相比,深层事件震中的地震活动的特点是:
E) longer P-S intervals and lower peak intensity
这题选E) P-S间期较长,峰值强度较低。(正确,将原文中以下句子取非)
For most earthquakes, Wadati discovered, the interval was quite short near the epicenter; the point on the surface where shaking is strongest。
原文中出现了极端词quite short, strongest所以是重点!
3.The passage supports which of the following statements about the relationship between the epicenter and the focus of an earthquake?
这段话支持了以下哪些关于地震的震中和地震焦点关系的说法?
D) In both deep and shallow events the focus lies beneath the epicenter
正确答案D)在深层和浅层事件中,焦点都在震中下方。(正确)
the more common shallow events, in which the focus lay just under the epicenter, and deep events, with focus several hundred kilometers down.
原文出现了比较词more,求同词common,是重点,该句在段落结构中是总结陈词,更是重中之重。
4.The passage suggests that which of the following must take place in order for any earthquake to occur?
I. Stress must build up
II. Cool rock must descend into the mantle.
III. A fracture must occur.
这段话表明,任何地震的发生都必须发生以下哪种情况?
I. 应力必须积累起来
II. 冷却的岩石必定下降到地幔中。
III. 必定发生断裂。
答案:I and III only
正确答案D) 只有I和III (正确)
第二句,通常(浅层地震)Stress builds up until a fracture forms
提出问题(深层)too ductile to store enough stress to fracture?末句回答,所以应力是必须的
末句,more liable to fracture
有同学问,错误选项怎么排除?这里提一下排除错误选项的规则:
规则 06 题目选项涉及比较或极端词(确定原文中未提及),需优先排除!!
因时间关系,我们以后展开讨论。
有同学说,这里的规则,我都必须时刻遵守?非也,老师说,所有(语法)规则在GMAT考试中都可以被颠覆。是的,阅读规则也是如此。但哈佛商学院说过,所有的创意都必须放在结构性的框架中。那么,在打破规则之前,我们必须玩转规则——认识规则,熟悉规则,打破规则!
对于有一定语言基础的考生,如能合理安排准备策略,达到大多数专业要求的标准并非难事。当然,如果有需要,选择GMAT课程也是节约备考时间、快速提分的理想选择。老师整理了附近GMAT培训机构的最新课程安排、师资情况、费用明细,欢迎咨询预约试听
