说到完形填空这个题型,很多同学感觉力不从心,花很久的时间去复习,但最终几乎没有什么效果,在距离考试还有40来天的日子里,老师就完形填空的解题技巧同大家做个分享,希望对各位考生有所帮助。
首先我们来谈一谈完形填空这个题型近六年的答案分布规律,如表格:
英一
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 A 5 5 5 6 5 5 B 5 5 5 4 5 5 C 5 5 5 6 5 5 D 5 5 5 4 5 5
英二
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 A 5 5 5 5 4 5 B 5 5 5 5 5 5 C 5 5 5 6 6 5 D 5 5 5 4 5 5
通过四个选项的分布规律来看,即使我们答题时都选择一个选项,也能拿2-3分,当然这是最保守的一种答题状态,还有一些单词或词组是经常作为正确答案的,现就这些作为正确答案的词汇(红花词)以及经常被排除的选项(绿叶词)给大家做以下梳理:
红花词 for example,in fact,such as,then,before,also,necessary,mean,mark,picture,significant,absent,attribute,aware,hurt,increase,sample,tie,while,because,even,but/however,as,tend,subject,common,conclude,connect,equal,produce,raise,shape,explain,expose 绿叶词 unless,therefore,why,moreover,regardless,thus,ignore,confuse,expect,origin,stable,along,under,beyond,over,once
对于基础比较弱的考生而言,结合选项的规律和红花绿叶词这两者能够拿到4-5分,如果有些同学想要继续拔高,那就需要对于完形填空这个题型的解题思路进行系统地梳理。
首先,纵观历年考题,完形填空中70%的题目是考查逻辑关系的,而20%是考察语义关系,还有10%是考查短语搭配。着重将占比例最高的逻辑关系题解题思路梳理一下。
逻辑关系从宏观上分为语义一致与语义相反。在逻辑关系题的考查中,分为两种具体形式,一种是题干中有逻辑关系词作为线索,帮助我们选择正确答案;另一种是根据文中已知信息的逻辑关系,选择适合的逻辑关系词;因此逻辑关系词对于完形填空而言非常重要。根据历年考题,出现过的逻辑关系词如下:
(1)并列:and,or,similarly,likewise,as well (as),either...or,neither...nor
(2)递进:even,besides,moreover,furthermore,indeed,in addition,not only...but(also)...
(3)顺承:then,before,after,until,eventually,as
(4)总分:such as,for example,for instance,particularly / in particular,generally / in general,in conclusion,in brief,on the whole
(5)因果:because,since,due to,owing to,attribute to; so,thus,hence,therefore,lest,consequently / in consequence,so that,as a result
(6)转折:but,however,yet,instead,nevertheless,unfortunately,still,otherwise,in fact,in effect,rather than,not...but...
(7)对比:while,whereas,conversely,in contrast,on the contrary,on the other hand,the other
(8)让步:even,though,although,while,despite
了解了逻辑词后,我们就考题来训练一下。
例1:The drive to discover is deeply rooted in humans,much the same as the basic drives for 11 or shelter,says Christopher Hsee of the University of Chicago. (2018英二)
11. [A] pay [B] food [C] marriage [D] schooling
解析:B.在空后有一个并列的逻辑词or,那空前所选名词应该与后面的shelter(庇护所)构成相似、相近的关系,通过观察选项发现,food与shelter最为相近,都是基本生活需求,因此该题正确答案为B项。
例2:After all,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 . (2020英一)
15. [A] resemblance [B] combination
[C] connection [D] pattern
解析:C.该题附近出现一个顺承关系的逻辑词before,后边的名词不知该选择什么,参考before之前的信息,前边说谣言称道吸烟导致癌症,这就是说的两者之间的关系,对应C项。
例3:Half of them found a toy; the other half 16 the container was empty and realized the tester had fooled them. (2018英一)
16. [A] discovered [B] proved [C] insisted [D] remembered
解析:A.根据题干的信息half...the other half...前后是数量上的对比关系,而动作是前后一致的,前边动词为found,和它类似的是A项。
例4:Subsequent experiments reproduced this effect with other stimuli,9 the sound of fingernails on a chalkboard and photographs of disgusting insects. (2018英二)
9. [A] such as [B] rather than [C] regardless of [D] owing to
解析:A.通过观察选项,该题让我们选择逻辑关系词,那就需要判断空前后的逻辑关系。空前出现了stimuli(刺激),后边提及指甲划在黑板上的声音和令人恶心的昆虫照片,显然后边在说具体两种刺激,前后总分关系,所以A项正确。
例5:Humans overwhelmingly live in valleys,and on supplies of fresh water. 9 ,if you head downhill,and follow any H2O you find,you should eventually see signs of people. (2019英一)
9. [A] Instead [B] Yet [C] So [D] Besides
解析:C.该题也是要求大家判断逻辑关系,然后选择相应的逻辑关系词。空前说到很多人居住在山谷里,有淡水供应,空后提及如果你下山,可以沿着你发现的水分子,前后因果关系,所以正确答案为C项。
例6:Formerly it lasted three days,7 by the 1980s it more commonly lasted a day and a half. (2016英一)
7. [A] since [B] or [C] but [D] so
解析:C.要选择正确的逻辑关系词,先回到原文判断前后的逻辑关系。前边是说在之前,它(柬埔寨的婚礼)持续三天,空后说到二十世纪八十年代,它更普遍的是持续一天半,前后提及柬埔寨的婚礼持续时间不同,前后便是相反关系,符合题意的只有C项。
在这六个例题中,其中前三个是根据题干中的逻辑关系词来选择实词;而后边的三个例题,是需要判断空前后的逻辑关系来选择相应的逻辑关系词,这也就是上文中所提及的逻辑关系题两种考查方式。

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