2024翻硕考研：英语词汇复习笔记(4)

已经进入10月了， 考生们都在一轮一轮的复习着，考生们的成绩都有了不错的提升，但是作为热门专业，竞争也非常大，考生会有复习不到的地方。以下是小编为大家整理了2020翻硕考研：英语词汇复习笔记（4）的相关信息，希望考生能够学习到相关知识，帮助到大家。

1、botch(vt) spoil sth by poor or clumsy work;repair sth badly (笨手笨脚的)弄坏某事物， 把某事物修理的很糟 ～ sth up

The mechanic tried to repair my car， but he really botched it up。那个技工想把我的 汽车修好，可是他一修更糟了。

◎ botcher(n)笨手笨脚的人

★ ruin(vt)cause the destruction of sb/sth 毁坏，毁灭某人/某事物

He ruined his prospects by carelessness。他因疏忽大意而断送了前途

(n、U)severe damage or destruction 毁坏、毁灭，灭亡

The news meant the ruin of all our hopes。这消息使我们的一切希望都破灭了。

(n、U)毁坏、破产等的原因;祸根

(n、U)破败、坍塌、毁坏的状态

The capital was fallen into ruin。城堡已经破败不堪。

(习语)in ruins 严重受损、破败不堪

A earthquake left the whole town in ruins 那次地震过后，全城到处都是残垣断壁。

★ spoil(vt，pt pp spoilt)make sth useless，valueless or unsatisfactory;ruin 毁掉、损坏、 破坏、糟蹋某事物

The new road has completely spoiled the character of the village。新修的路彻底毁 掉了那个村庄的特色。

(vt)harm the character of (esp a child)by lack of descipline or too mach

generosity，attention，praise，etc 娇惯、宠坏、溺爱(尤指儿童)

That little girl is terribly spoilt。那个小女孩真惯的不象话

(vi)(指食物)变坏，变质，

Some kind of food soon spoil 有些食物容易变质

(习语)be spoilt for choice 因供选择的事物太多而无从下手

◎ spoilage(n)(食物等的)变坏、变质、腐烂

2、chafe(vi)become irritated or impatient because of sth(因某事物)恼怒或不耐烦 ～ at/under sth

The passengers sat chafing at the long delay 乘客们因为长时间的耽误而坐的很不耐烦。

(v)(cause sth to)become sore by rubbing (使某物)因摩擦而疼痛

His shirt collar chafed his neck 他的衬衫领口把脖子磨腾了。

(n)(皮肤受磨擦的)疼处

★ abrade(vt)wear away(skin，fabric，rock，etc)by rubbing;scrape off 磨损(表皮、 织物、岩石等);刮除

◎ abrasion(n)刮除、磨损、擦掉;擦伤处

◎ abrasive(adj)有研磨作用的，粗糙的;伤人感情的，粗鲁的

★ scrape(vt) make (a surface，etc)clean，level or smooth by drawing a sharp tool or sth rough across it 擦净、削平、磨光(某物) ～ sth down/out/off

She is scraping the path clear of snow 她正在把路上的积雪铲掉。

(vt)remove(mud，grease，paint，etc)in this way 除掉(泥、油渍、油漆等) ～

sth from/off sth ～ sth away/off

scrape the dust off 把锈刮去

(vt)injure or damage sth by rubbing with sth rough，sharp 擦伤或刮坏某物 ～

sth against/on/along sth

I scraped the side of my car against a wall。我的汽车车身蹭墙被划坏了。

(vt)remove(skin，paint，etc)accidentally in this way 擦伤、刮坏(皮肤，油漆等) ～ sth from/off sth ～ sth away/off

I must have scraped some of the paint off when I was parking the car 我准是停放汽 车的时候刮掉了一些油漆。

3、dissipate(v)(cause sth to)scatter or vanish (使某事物)消散、消失

Her son’s letter dissipated all her fears and anxiety 她儿子的来信消除了她一切恐惧和焦虑。

(vt)waste(time，money，etc)foolishly 浪费(时间、金钱等)

◎ dissipation(n，U)驱散、消散;浪费

★ scatter(v)(cause people or animals to)move，usu quickly，in different directions (使 人或动物)散开

The police scattered the crowd。驱散了人群。

(vt)throw sth in different directions;put here and there 撒(某物);散布

We scattered plates of food around the room before the party。我们在聚会前把一盘盘食物摆放在屋 中各处。

(vt) ～ sth with sth 将某物撒在某物表面上

scatter the lawn with grass seed 把草籽撒在草坪上

4、efface(vt)rub or wipe sth out;cause to fade 擦去，抹掉(某事物);使淡薄，使逐渐消 失

Time alone will efface those unpleasant memories 只有时间才能使人淡忘那些不快的记忆。

★ erase(vt)rub or scrape sth out;remove all traces of sth 擦掉或刮掉某物，消除某事物的 痕迹 ～ sth from sth

5、glint(vi)give out small，bright flashes of light 闪闪发光;指某人的眼睛闪现某种神色

(n)光泽，(尤指光亮硬物的)反光

★ flash(vi)give or send out a brief bright light 发出闪光

6、onerous(adj)needing effort;burdensome 艰巨的，繁重的

This is the most onerous task I have ever undertaken 这是我承担过的最艰巨的任务。

★ arduous(adj)needing much effort or energy;laborious 艰巨的，费力的

The work is arduous and the hours are long 工作吃力，时间又长。

★ laborious(adj)(of work，etc)needing much effort (指工作等)艰苦的，费力的;吃力 的，不流畅的，不自然的

7、iterate(vt)say sth again and again;make(an accusation，a demand，etc)repeatedly 反 复说某事，一再提出(指责，要求等) ～ sth to sb

★ repeat(vt)say or write sth again once or more than once;reiterate 重复说或写，反复重申

(vt)重做或重复(某事物)

Such bargain offers can’t be repeated 这么便宜的价钱不会再有了。

8、propensity(n)inclination or tendency 倾向、习性 ～ for/to/towards sth ～ for doing/to do sth

★ tendency(n)way a person or thing tends to be or behave (人物或呈现的)倾向、趋势 ～

to/towards sth/to do sth

★ inclination(n)feeling that makes sb want to behave in a particular way;disposition 倾向、 意向、意愿 ～ to/towards/for sth ～ to do sth

9、singe(vt)blacken sth by burning;scorch 烧焦或烫焦(某物)

The iron’s too hot，you’ll singe the dress 熨斗太热了，你会把衣服烫焦的。

★ scorch(vt)burn or discolour a surface by dry heat 将(物体表面)烧焦、烫糊或烫的变色

I scorched my shirt when I was ironing it。我把衬衫烫糊了。

10、strut(vi)(贬)趾高气扬的走，高视阔步

She strutted past us，ignoring our greeting 她神气活现的从我们跟前走过，我们打招呼她都不理。

★ swagger(vi)(贬)趾高气扬的行走或行事

Don’t swagger just because you got the job 别因为得到了这份工作就得意忘形。

11、unravel(v)(cause sth woven，knotted or tangled to)separate into strands (使编织、 编结或纠结之物)解开，拆开;(比喻)使某物变清楚或获解决